Inventions and innovations almost always come out of laborious trial and error. Innovation is like soccer; even the best players miss the goal and have their shots blocked much more frequently than they score.

   The point is that the players who score most are the ones who take most shots at the goal -- and so it goes with innovation in any field of activity. The prime difference between innovators and others is one of approach. Everybody gets ideas, but innovators work consciously on theirs, and they follow them through until they prove practicable or otherwise. What ordinary people see as fanciful abstractions, professional innovators see as solid possibilities. 

68. According to the author, what distinguishes innovators from non-innovators?

[A] The variety of ideas they have.      [B] The intelligence they possess.

[C] The way they deal with problems.  [D] The way they present their findings.

昨天句子的解析：

If ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition — wealth, distinction, control over one's destiny — must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambition's behalf. If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality, it must be widely shared; and it especially must be highly regarded by people who are themselves admired, the educated not least among them.

3. In an odd way, however, it is the educated who have claimed to have give up on ambition as an ideal. 

Odd: 奇怪，古怪，臨時(shí)； （名詞）概率

解析：

強(qiáng)調(diào)句還原主干為：

The educated have claimed to have have given up on ambition as an ideal.

其他成分:

In an odd way 奇怪的是，

參考譯文：然而，詭異地是，正是那些受過良好教育的人聲稱他們已經(jīng)放棄了雄心壯志這一理想。

4. What is odd is that they have perhaps most benefited from ambition — if not always their own then that of their parents and grandparents. 

解析：

主干識(shí)別：What is odd is that…

表語(yǔ)從句：they have perhaps most benefited from ambition — 

Ambition的同位語(yǔ)：if not always their own then that of their parents and grandparents. 

參考譯文：奇怪的是他們已經(jīng)從雄心壯志中獲益頗多了——如果不是他們自己的雄心，那也是他們父母的和祖父母的。

5. There is a heavy note of hypocrisy in this, a case of closing the barn door after the horses have escaped — with the educated themselves riding on them.

解析：

主干識(shí)別：There is a heavy note of hypocrisy in this

其他成分：a case of closing the barn door after the horses have escaped

                同位語(yǔ)獨(dú)立成句：

                This is a case of closing the barn door after the horses have escaped.(這是一個(gè)比喻)

              with the educated themselves riding on them.

獨(dú)立主格獨(dú)立成句：

The educated themselves ride on the horses.  

參考譯文：這其中有著濃厚的虛偽色彩，恰如馬跑后再關(guān)上馬廄的門那樣，而受過良好教育的人自己正騎在那些馬背上。

68.The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that it is ________.

[A] customary of the educated to discard ambition in words

[B] too late to check ambition once it has been let out

[C] dishonest to deny ambition after the fulfillment of the goal

[D] impractical for the educated to enjoy benefits from ambition

題干識(shí)別：一句話推理題

思路解析:  

推理題從來(lái)就沒有讓我們推過！推理題本質(zhì)上就是細(xì)節(jié)題！

暗示也從來(lái)不是暗示，從來(lái)都是明示！

問從一句話能推出什么等于問這句話所在的段落能推出什么；也就是用四個(gè)選項(xiàng)分別和原文的句子進(jìn)行比對(duì)，哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)在進(jìn)行同義替換就選哪個(gè)！

 選項(xiàng)分析：

[A] customary of the educated to discard ambition in words

受過教育的人習(xí)慣在言語(yǔ)上放棄雄心壯志。

Customary 在文章中沒有提及，這個(gè)選項(xiàng)屬于NG（未提及選項(xiàng)）

[B] too late to check ambition once it has been let out

一旦雄心壯志被放出去了，在去檢查就太晚了。

這是典型的中國(guó)出題人整中國(guó)考生，大家讀不懂最后一句，從字面上看就是容易感覺好像是中國(guó)的成語(yǔ)“亡羊補(bǔ)牢，未為晚也”；

但是當(dāng)我們真的理清楚這句話的意思以后就知道這個(gè)選項(xiàng)很荒誕了。

[C] dishonest to deny ambition after the fulfillment of the goal

在實(shí)現(xiàn)了目標(biāo)以后就去否認(rèn)雄心壯志是不誠(chéng)實(shí)的。

第一段的345句都在講，受教育的人從雄心壯志中獲益了，而且還否認(rèn)。并且從最后一句中這個(gè)重要的詞匯：hypocrisy虛偽，更是對(duì)受過教育的人的行為作出了評(píng)價(jià)。Hypocrisy=dishonest 

完美替換！正確答案！

[D] impractical for the educated to enjoy benefits from ambition

 對(duì)于受過教育的人而言，從雄心壯志中享受利益是不切實(shí)際的事情。

這個(gè)第三句和第四句的表達(dá)是完全相反的，所以排除！

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